Dr. Pradeep Mahindrakar, Lab Head – Panvel, Alibaug & Goa, Metropolis Healthcare Ltd. Shares All About Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. This can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold. As the condition progresses, a variety of symptoms occur, such as constipation, dry skin, muscle weakness, flushed face, hoarse voice, thin, brittle hair or nails, muscle weakness, muscle pain, tenderness and stiffness. , Heavy and irregular menstruation. Slowing of the heart rate, also called bradycardia, and sadness or depression.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is usually based on the results of a blood test for thyroid hormone. These tests measure the levels of TSH, T3, T4, FreeT3, and Free T4. Subclinical hypothyroidism is a mild form of hypothyroidism in which thyroid hormone levels are normal, but TSH is mildly elevated. This condition often causes no symptoms, but it can increase the risk of developing problems such as heart disease and osteoporosis.
Interestingly, thyroid disorders can also result from autoimmune factors, specifically thyroid antibodies. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) are increased in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (a common cause of hypothyroidism) and Graves' disease (a major cause of hyperthyroidism). Thyroglobulin antibodies (ATG) are increased in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and are used in monitoring thyroid cancer survivors.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies are increased in Graves' disease. When thyroid antibodies target and attack healthy thyroid cells, it causes an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid.
Accuracy in diagnosis is achieved through comprehensive laboratory tests, detection of thyroid antibodies in the blood, and resolving the underlying cause of thyroid disease. These insights focus on tailored treatment plans, emphasizing the important role of thyroid antibody tests. They range from diagnosing autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease to assessing treatment prognosis, evaluating pregnancy risks, estimating recurrence risks after treatment of Graves' disease, and monitoring thyroid cancer survivors. Serve various purposes. Acknowledging the clinical significance and combining laboratory testing with clinical correlation is advisable for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies.
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